fellow servant
A coworker having the same employer; esp., an employee who is so closely related to another employee’s work that there is a special risk of harm if either one is negligent. See FELLOW-SERVANT RULE; DIFFERENT-DEPARTMENT RULE E.
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superior fellow servant
A worker that has the power of control or direction over a coworker. — Also termed superior servant.
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fellow servant rule
fellow-servant rule. A common-law doctrine holding that an employer is not liable for an employee’s injuries caused by a negligent coworker. • This doctrine has generally been abrogated by workers’-compensation statutes. In some jurisdictions, employees were considered fellow servants when they were working with one aim or result in view. In others, the relation of
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fellow servant
fellow servant. A coworker having the same employer; esp., an employee who is so closely related to another employee’s work that there is a special risk of harm if either one is negligent. See FELLOW-SERVANT RULE; DIFFERENT-DEPARTMENT RULE E. superior fellow servant. A worker that has the power of control or direction over a coworker.
fellow servant(s)
fellow servant(s) 共同僱员 其字面含义为受雇于同一僱主而从事同类工作的人员。在「共同僱员原则」中，则指人身受害人与导致损害发生人，他们同为某一僱主工作，并且损害发生时的行为属于其受雇工作范围。另外，在同一船上的所有工作人员，除船长或其他指挥官员外，均为共同僱员，尽管他们的义务与功能互有差别。受雇于建筑、修理或装卸业中的工人亦属共同僱员。
fellow servant doctrine
fellow servant doctrine 共同僱员原则 一项普通法原则，在受伤僱员对僱主提起损害赔偿之诉时，僱主可以伤害系由其他共同僱员的过失而致，应由共同僱员全部或部分承担损害赔偿责任为由，主张减轻或免除自己的责任。这一原则是由英国1837年的普里斯特利诉福勒〔Priestly v. Fowler〕一案所确立的，后在1880年《僱主责任法》〔Employer’s Liability Act〕中受到限制，并被1948年《法律改革(人身伤害)法》〔Law Reform(Personal Injuries) Act〕所废止。在美国，该原则被有关劳工赔偿法〔worker’s compensation acts〕和《联邦僱主责任法》〔Federal Employers’ Liability Act〕所废止。
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servant
servant. A person who is employed by another to do work under the control and direction of the employer. • A servant, such as a full-time employee, provides personal services that are integral to an employer’s business, so a servant must submit to the employer’s control of the servant’s time and behavior. See EMPLOYEE. Cf.
servant
servant n. 仆人；僱员 指受主人〔master〕僱佣，为其提供服务，且行为受主人控制或服从于主人控制权的人。因其行为受主人控制，故适用僱主责任原则〔doctrine of vicarious liability〕。它不同于独立承包人〔independent contractor〕，后者的行为不受主人控制。该词在制定法中常被赋予特定的含义，其含义在遗嘱及其他文件中受上下文的影响甚大。 (→agent; employee; fellow servant(s); master and servant; subservant)
three wicked sisters
three wicked sisters. Slang. The three doctrines — contributory negligence, the fellow-servant rule, and assumption of the risk — used by 19th-century courts to deny recovery to workers injured on the job. “These three common law defenses, contributory negligence, fellow servant rule, and assumption of the risk, became known as the ‘three wicked sisters,’ because
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